头条创作挑战赛主谓一致 - 高中英语重点语法。
一、单项选择
1.Many a child ________ the old man who often tells them stories every day.
A.surround
B.is surrounded
C.surrounds
D.are surrounding
【答案】C
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:许多孩子围着那位每天给他们讲故事的老人。many a意为很多,修饰可数名词的单数形式,其后谓语动词用单数,孩子是围着那个老人,因此不用被动语态,由tells可知,时态是一般现在时,空格处的动词用第三人称单数,因此空格处是surrounds。故选C。
2.Each boy and each girl ________ the right to get entertainment and support in his or her childhood.
A.is
B.are
C.has
D.have
【答案】C
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:每一个男孩和女孩都有在他或她的童年中获得娱乐和支持的权利。have the right to do sth.表示有权利做某事,且each+名词单数形式+and +each +名词单数形式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,所以应用has。故选C。
3.It is your wife as well as you that ________ your sons bad performance at school.
A.is to blame for
B.are to blame for
C.is to be blamed for
D.are to be blamed for
【答案】A
【详解】考查固定短语和主谓一致。句意:你儿子在学校坏行为归咎于你和你的妻子。表示归咎于短语为be to blame for,题干中是强调句型,主语是your life,且主语后接介词短语as well as不影响主语的人称和数,谓语动词应根据主语your wife的人称和数来确定,即用单数。故选A。
4.None of the money ________ spent on useless things so far.
A.has been
B.has
C.have been
D.Have
【答案】A
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,这些钱都没有花在无用的东西上。由时间状语so far可知,用现在完成时,主语none of the money与谓语动词spend是被动关系,且主语none指代不可数名词money,故谓语动词用单数,故选A。
5.The number of the students in our school ________ about 30,000 and ________ them study hard.
A.is; a large amount of
B.are; a number of
C.are; large amount of
D.is; a large number of
【答案】D
【详解】考查主谓一致和量词。句意:我们学校的学生大约有3万人,他们中的许多人学习很努力。the number作主语,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,所以第一空应用is;a large amount of意为大量的,许多的,修饰不可数名词,a (large/huge/big) number of意为大量的,许多的,修饰可数名词复数。故选D。
6.Going to the dentists ________ not necessarily have to be ________ awful experience.
A.do; an
B.does; the
C.do; /
D.does; an
【答案】D
【详解】考查主谓一致和冠词。句意:去看牙医并不一定是一次可怕的经历。Going to the dentists 是动名词做主语,谓语要用单数形式,因此使用助词does,experience是经历意思时,是可数名词,此处表示泛指,用不定冠词。awful是以元音开头,用an修饰。故选D。
7.Thompson has two plans, neither of ________ to be practical.
A.them seem
B.which seems
C.which seeming
D.that seem
【答案】B
【详解】考查定语从句和主谓一致。句意:汤普森有两个计划,但都不切实际。分析句子可知, two plans为先行词,作定语从句中of的宾语,关系代词为which , neither of +名词,谓语动词为单数第三人称。故选B项。
8.The class________busy working on the exercises in the classroom at the moment.
A.is
B.are
C.was
D.were
【答案】B
【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意:此刻,全班同学正在教室里忙于做练习。根据at the moment可知要用一般现在时;The class在这里指全班同学,因此根据主谓一致原则,要用复数are。故选B
9.The number of coal mines _________ to half, as well as its size.
A.cut down
B.has cut down
C.was cut down
D.were cut down
【答案】C
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:煤矿的数量和规模都减少了一半。结合语境描述过去发生的动作应用一般过去时,且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系,为一般过去时的被动语态,the number of表示……的数目,中心词是number,所以是单数,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。故选C。
10.Two thirds of the earths surface ________covered by water.
A.is
B.are
C.was
D.were
【答案】A
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:地球表面的三分之二是水。表示几分之几作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于of后的名词,此处the earth’s surface为单数,故应用单数,且陈述客观事实用一般现在时。故选A。
11.All that ______ about right now should not be let out.
A.are talked
B.is being talked
C.is talked
D.are being talked
【答案】B
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:现在谈论的一切都不应该泄露出去。此处为定语从句修饰先行词all,从句缺乏谓语,从句中表示动作正在进行应用现在进行时,先行词all在从句中作主语,与谓语动词talk构成被动关系,故用现在进行时的被动语态,此处all理解为整体,为单数概念,从句谓语用单数。故选B。
12.She is one of the girls in our class who ______ for the coming sports meeting now.
A.is being trained
B.are trained
C.is training
D.are being trained
【答案】D
【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:她是我们班正在为即将到来的运动会接受训练的女孩之一。根据后文now可知应用现在进行时,且定语从句修饰先行词girls,从句谓语动词与先行词保持一致,与谓语动词构成被动关系,用现在进行时的被动语态,谓语应用复数形式,故选D。
13.There________ a teacher and some students playing badminton on the playground.
A.have
B.are
C.has
D.is
【答案】D
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:有一位老师和一些学生在操场上打羽毛球。由here或there引导的倒装句中,主语不止一个时,谓语动词的单复数形式通常和邻近的主语保持一致,即与teacher保持一致,用单数。故选D。
14.How time flies! We’ll graduate. Three years________ really a short time.
A.are
B.is
C.has
【答案】B
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:时间过得真快!我们即将毕业。三年真的是很短的一段时间。three years作主语时,表示单数,且这里缺少表示是的谓语,故用is。故选B。
15.Mr. Wang was the only one of the most ________ teachers who ________ praised on Teachers Day.
A.inspiring; was
B.inspired; was
C.inspiring; were
D.inspired; were
【答案】A
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析和主谓一致。句意:王先生是唯一一个在教师节受到表扬的最鼓舞人心的老师。inspiring意为鼓舞人心的,inspired意为受启发的。根据句意可知,此处是指最鼓舞人心的老师,这个老师的事例和品质给别人带来激励,所以应用inspiring修饰teachers。所以排除选项B和选项D。在定语从句中,who代指先行词the only one,为第三人称单数,所以be动词应用was。故选A。
二、用单词的适当形式完成句子
16.Joining clubs ________ (be) a great way to meet more new students and make friends with them. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】is
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:参加俱乐部是认识更多新同学并与他们交朋友的好方法。陈述客观事实用一般现在时,主语为动名词短语,谓语用单数。故填is。
17.Lily as well as her parents________ (be) very fond of classical music. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】is
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:莉莉和她的父母都非常喜欢古典音乐。连词as well as 和…一样,谓语动词单复数需要和前面名词保持一致,即就远原则,此处be动词应该和Lily保持一致,be动词用单数形式,结合语境,此句时态为一般现在时。故填is。
18.What made him feel satisfied________ (be) that his students were able to read, speak and write in English. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】was
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:让他感到满意的是他的学生能用英语读,说和写。分析句子成分可知,空格处为主句谓语动词,结合其他谓语动词时态可知,应用一般过去时,且一个句子充当主语作为一个整体时,谓语动词应用单数形式,所以应填was。故填was。
19.A great number of visitors ________ (attract) to our hometown, and the number of foreigners is quite large. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】 are attracted
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:我们的家乡吸引了大量的游客,而且外国人的数量相当大。根据后句时态可知,用一般现在时。主语visitors是复数,谓语动词用复数。且visitors 与attract之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。根据句意,故填are attracted。
20.As usual, not only the students but also the form teacher ____(remind) to turn off lights before they leave the classroom. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】is reminded
【详解】考查主谓一致以及被动语态。句意:和往常一样,不仅学生而且班主任被提醒在离开教室前关灯。form teacher与remind之间为被动关系,结合as usual像往常一样可知,这里要使用一般现在时的被动语态,not only...but also...要使用就近原则,be动词使用单数形式,故填is reminded。
21.Neither I nor Amy ________ (be) to attend the business conference if we are busy. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】is
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:如果我们忙的话,我和艾米都不会参加商务会议。分析句子可知,句子为if引导的条件状语从句,主句用be to do表示按计划、安排即将发生的事情或打算做某事,neither…nor…意为既不……也不……,谓语动词与靠近的名词或代词保持人称和数上的一致,Amy为单个人名,故be动词应为is。故填is。
22.Attitudes are put in the first place. Of equal importance _________ (be) your abilities and qualifications. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】are
【详解】考查倒装句、主谓一致和时态。句意:态度放在首位。同样重要的是你的能力和资历。分析句子可知,句中Of equal importance为介词短语,在句中作表语,放在句首时,句子要用全部倒装,正常语序为Your abilities and qualifications _____ of equal importance.,句子陈述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,句中your abilities and qualifications为可数名词复数形式,故be动词用are。故填are。
23.In the centre of Sanwan Park ________(stand) the China Grand Canal Museum, which is a new landmark of Yangzhou. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】stands
【详解】考查倒装和主谓一致。句意:三湾公园的中心矗立着中国大运河博物馆,它是扬州的新地标。分析句子可知,该句的结构不同于一般句子,先出地点状语,stand是谓语动词,最后才是主语,符合倒装结构,此时按照第三人称单数主语、一般现在时态及主语和stand之间的主谓关系可确定应使用stands。故填stands。
24.Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ________ (be) regarding as one the best all-round forms of exercise. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】is
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:如今,骑自行车与慢跑、游泳一起被认为是最好的全方位锻炼方式。根据上文nowadays可知用一般现在时,且主语后接介词短语along with不影响主语的人称和数,谓语动词应根据主语的人称和数来确定,即与cycling保持一致,用单数形式。故填is。
25.The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third ________ (use) regularly last year.
【答案】were used
【详解】考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:去年公司有大约20台笔记本电脑,但是只有1/3经常被使用。根据时间状语last year可知,空处用一般过去时;主语one-third指电脑数量,为复数概念,且与use为被动关系,故填were used。
26.The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, which ____________(account) for my appearance.
【答案】accounts
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:事实上我靠做义工来顶替船费,这就是我为什么衣冠不整的原因了。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰上文整个句子,从句中主语为上文整个句子的内容,而且又是在一般现在时中,所以从句中的谓语动词用单数。故填accounts。
27.Large quantities of water in the lake _________ (pollute), terrible smells coming out from time to time. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】have been polluted
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意:湖中大量的水被污染了,不时传出难闻的气味。根据句意可知,句中污染的动作发生在过去,持续到现在,并对现在造成了影响,且句中主语Large quantities of water与pollute之间为被动关系,故句子应用现在完成时的被动语态,句式为have/has been done,large quantities of…意为大量的……,后接名词,谓语动词用复数形式,故与have连用,pollute意为污染,动词词性,过去分词为polluted。故填have been polluted。
28.All the scientific evidence __________ (show) that increasing use of chemicals in farming is damaging our health. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】shows
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:所有的科学证据都表明,农业中越来越多地使用化学品正在损害我们的健康。主句缺乏谓语,结合从句谓语is damaging可知,讲的是事实,show时态用一般现在时,主语evidence是不可数名词,谓语单数形式。故填shows。
29.Not only ________ (be) the quantities of phytoplankton (浮游植物) in the ocean changing, but the type of phytoplankton is changing. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】are
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:不仅海洋中浮游植物的数量在变化,而且浮游植物的类型也在变化。not only...but also连接并列句,not only位于句首,使用了部分倒装,将系动词提到主语前,由并列谓语is changing可知,此处时态也用现在进行时(am/is/are doing),主语the quantities of phytoplankton是复数,谓语复数形式。故填are。
30.What ________(给……留下深刻的印象)me most is that such a little boy can play the violin so well . (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】impresses
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:最让我印象深刻的是,这样一个小男孩能把小提琴拉得这么好。根据句意和汉语提示应填impress给……深刻印象作主语从句的谓语,根据句意和下文的is可知用一般现在时,what作主语结合句意,谓语动词用单数,故填impresses。
三、完成句子
31.花费太多时间上网友损健康,也会让人很难把精力放在生活中的其他事情上。(make+宾+宾补)
________ too much time online is unhealthy and ________ ________ ________ to focus on other things in life.
【答案】Spending makes it difficult
【详解】考查动名词和形容词。空1为花费,译为spend,作主语,用动名词形式,空2为使,让,用动词make和is作并列谓语,用单数形式并且时态为一般现在时,空3为it作形式宾语代替后面的不定式,空4为难的,用形容词作宾补,译为difficult,故填Spending;makes;it;difficult。
32.这家公司想要招聘毕业于名牌大学的学生 。
The company wants those who ________ ________ famous universities.
【答案】graduate from
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。对比中英文句意可知,空处需表示毕业于之意,graduate from毕业于,动词短语作谓语,符合题意;由主句谓语动词 wants可知,空处谓语动词需用一般现在时态,先行词是those,复数,所以空处谓语动词需用原形。故填 ①graduate ②from。
33.People say that the British always ________ what they eat.
人们都说英国人吃东西很谨慎。
【答案】play safe with
【详解】考查动词短语。根据中英文提示,空格出缺少谓语动词谨慎,play safe with在……方面谨慎行事,是固定短语,根据句意和主句中的say可知,用一般现在时,同时宾语从句的主语是the +adj 结构,该结构表示一类人,谓语动词用复数。故填play safe with。
34.Paper-cutting has a history of over 1,500 years, which _______ ______traditional art in China.
剪纸有1500多年的历史,属于中国传统艺术。
【答案】belongs to
【详解】考查时态和短语。根据汉语提示可知,属于为belong to,本句为非限制性定语从句,句子为一般现在时,先行词为Paper-cutting,作定语从句的主语,所以谓语为单数第三人称。故填belongs ,to 。
35.不是我就是他们要对那件事的结果负责。
Either I or they____________________________the result of the matter.
【答案】are responsible for/ take responsibility for
【详解】
考查主谓一致和短语。对......负责用be responsible for或take responsibility for。either...or 或者...或者连接的代词做主语,谓语用就近原则。空格与they最近,谓语动词用复数,表示现在的事情,用一般现在时。故翻译为are responsible for/ take responsibility for。
36.________ his bike was broken.
他迟到的原因是他的自行车坏了。
【答案】The reason why he was late was that
【详解】考查定语从句和表语从句。根据中英文提示,空格处缺少他迟到的原因是的表达,分析句子可知,此处是句型The reason why...is that...。reason原因是主语,用定语从句他迟到的修饰,表示特指加定冠词the,从句中作原因状语,用关系副词why引导定语从句,he was late他迟到,由下文的was可知用一般过去时,主句谓语动词也用was, his bike was broken是表语从句,从句句意完整,成分齐全,用连接词that引导从句,故填The reason why he was late was that.
37.如何解决这个问题要在会上讨论。
________________ to be discussed at the meeting.
【答案】How to solve the problem is
【详解】考查疑问词和动词不定式。表示如何应用how,表示解决这个问题应用solve the problem,分析句子结构可知,如何解决这个问题在整个句子中充当主语,根据语法规则,疑问词+动词不定式可充当主语,且谓语动词用单数形式,所以应填how to solve the problem is,how放句首首字母大写。故填How to solve the problem is。
38.警方禁止在市中心泊车。
The police________ in the city center.
【答案】prohibit parking
【详解】 考查动词时态和动名词。根据中英文提示,缺少谓语部分禁止泊车,prohibit禁止,接动名词作宾语,park停车,讲述客观事实用一般现在时,且主语The police是集体名词,表示警方用作复数,故填prohibit parking。
39.不仅是周霞,而且她父母也都喜欢看足球比赛。
Not only Zhou Xia but also her parents ________ ________ ________ watching football matches.
【答案】are fond of
【详解】考查介词短语和主谓一致。根据中文,可知空格处意思为喜欢,可用be fond of;陈述客观事实,使用一般现在时,主语not only Zhou Xia but also her parents谓语动词单复数遵循就近原则。故主语以parents为准,谓语动词用复数。故填①are②fond③of。
40.大量的食物和水被送到灾区。
A load of food and water ________ the disaster area.
【答案】has been sent to
【详解】考查短语和时态语态。send...to...把……送到……,为句子谓语动词;此处表过去的动作对现在造成的影响,且主语A load of food and water和谓语之间为被动关系,故用现在完成时的被动语态;a load of+名词作主语,谓语动词用单数,助动词用has。故填has been sent to。
四、汉译英(整句)
41.和他一起工作给我带来很多的乐趣。(动名词作主语)(汉译英)
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【答案】Working with him gives me a lot of pleasure.
【详解】 考查动名词作主语。题目要求用动名词作主语,和他一起工作是work with him,用动名词作主语,因此是working with him;动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数,且句子描述客观事实,因此谓语动词用第三人称单数,给我某物是give me sth.,很多的乐趣是a lot of pleasure,因此句子翻译为Working with him gives me a lot of pleasure。故答案为Working with him gives me a lot of pleasure。
42.不是他就是我要到那家旅馆去登记。(either...or...;be going to)(汉译英)
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【答案】Either he or I am going to check in at that hotel.
【详解】考查短语、时态和主谓一致。either...or...不是……就是……,连接两个主语时,其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致。be going to将要;打算(做);check in登记。根据句意,故翻译为Either he or I am going to check in at that hotel.
43.我父亲弹钢琴有天赋,这对我影响很大。(定语从句)(汉译英)
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【答案】My father has a gift for playing the piano, which has a great influence/impact/effect on me.
【详解】考查短语和定语从句。本句陈述客观事实,用一般现在时;主句部分:主语为my father;在某方面有天赋表达为have a gift for,作谓语;弹钢琴表达为play the piano,此处用其动名词形式作介词for的宾语;从句部分:对某人有巨大影响表达为have a great influence/impact/effect on sb.,作谓语;关系词指代前面的整个句子,且在从句中充当主语,应用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。结合其他汉语提示,故翻译为:My father has a gift for playing the piano, which has a great influence/impact/effect on me.
44.我们所需要的是更多的时间。(what引导主语从句) (汉译英)
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【答案】What we need is more time.
【详解】考查主语从句。根据汉语提示可知,句子陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时;表示需要用动词need, 表示 我们所需要的为从句 what we need, what为引导词,在从句中作need的宾语,句子作主语看作第三人称单数,更多时间表达为more time。故翻译为What we need is more time.
45.是我而不是他打算帮助你。(汉译英)
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【答案】Not he but I am going to help you.
【详解】考查固定结构和主谓一致。是我而不是他在句中做主语,故代词用主格,即not he but I;打算做某事可用be going to;not…but…适用就近原则,即主语侧重点落在我I,故be 动词am。故翻译为Not he but I am going to help you。
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